What Are Some Other Names for Ranch in the United States?

When discussing agricultural land in the United States, the term ranch is often used, especially in western states. However, there are other terms and phrases that are commonly used to describe different types of land or agricultural operations. This article explores some of these alternative terms and the contexts in which they are used.

Native American and Early American Terminology

For some Native Americans and early Anglo settlers, the term outfit was a common way to refer to a ranch. This term is still used in certain circles, particularly when discussing someone else's ranch or operation. For example, someone might say, "Over at the Stewart outfit, they built a new bunkhouse."

Personal Experience and Family History

My family's journey in ranching and farming began in Texas in 1830, when we were citizens of Mexico. Living in Central Texas, we have seen ranches of various sizes. Some ranches cover an impressive 180,000 acres, while others are smaller at 20,000 acres across four counties. When traveling to Kansas City, I was often asked, "What do you do?" My response: "We are ranchers." It's a common response, but it can have unexpected twists. One person once replied to my statement with, "In Texas, a farm is called a ranch."

Terminological Versatility of Ranch

The term ranch is quite versatile and can encompass a variety of land uses. It can refer to a farm, estate, plantation, farmstead, homestead, grange, garden, or farmland. The key distinction lies in the primary activity conducted on the land: ranches primarily raise livestock, while farms focus on cultivating crops. For example, in most cases, a ranch might host horses, cattle, goats, and other livestock, whereas a farm might be more focused on growing crops such as cotton, corn, or watermelon.

Use of the Term Spread

In some parts of the country, particularly in Western Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, the term spread is used to describe very large ranches. A spread generally refers to land masses of 25,000 acres or more. However, as urban expansion continues to convert land into cities and shopping centers, some ranchers who have smaller parcels of land, such as 10,000 acres, still refer to their land as a "spread." This term has become more flexible over time.

Advice for Newcomers

One piece of advice for newcomers to the ranching or farming world is to avoid asking a rancher directly about how many acres they own or how many head of livestock they have on their property. The rationale behind this advice is straightforward: this information is often seen as a reflection of a person's wealth and status within the community. Similarly, to many ranchers, asking about medical bills, check account balances, or other personal financial details is just as intrusive. It's a sensitive topic, and ranchers appreciate the respect for their privacy.

Understanding the terminology and nuances of ranching and farming can provide valuable insights into the American agricultural landscape and the communities that sustain it. Whether you're a local or a newcomer, these terms can help you navigate the rich tapestry of land use and agricultural practices in the United States.