The Dispute Between Paul and Peter Over the Law of Moses

The apostle Paul preached that non-Jews could be 'grafted into the olive tree,' referring to being part of the covenant without the need for circumcision or radical dietary changes. This approach faced significant opposition from Peter, who believed in adhering closely to the Torah's laws, considering it necessary for converting and accepting Gentiles.

Dispute Between Paul and Peter

The disagreement was rooted in the imminence of Jesus's return, with Paul believing that solving any legal or ethical crises would be left to Christ. Peter, however, held that the Torah’s laws would remained binding, leading to the growing divergence that would eventually define the early Christian movement.

During their discussion, it became clear that Paul felt the law was a means to bring people to Christ and that faith in Christ was the true path to righteousness, not strict adherence to the law. This view marked the beginning of a new era where strict observance of the law was not seen as a requirement for salvation.

Scripture Interpretation

Galatians 3:24-25 KJV

Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.

The verses suggest that the law served as a temporary guide but was not the means of justification. It was intended to instruct and prepare people for faith in Christ.

Paul’s stance was rooted in the realization that no one can fully obey the law as it was meant to prescribe righteousness. Therefore, faith in Christ, which brings righteousness by grace, became the new path for salvation.

Paul's Preaching vs. Jewish Teachings

Paul’s message to Gentiles was that they did not need to follow the Law of Moses to become part of Christ’s covenant. This was in stark contrast to the approach of other apostles, such as Peter, who taught that Gentiles needed to convert to Judaism in full, including adherence to Jewish law.

This divergence led to a significant theological and practical split within the early Christian community. Paul’s approach was more inclusive, promoting the concept of a new covenant, while the traditional Jewish teachings emphasized strict adherence to the law.

Catholic Perspective

Despite their initial tension, the Catholic Church eventually recognized Paul's contributions to the faith and embraced his ideas. His teachings on the new covenant and the role of faith in salvation became foundational to Christian theology. Even in later centuries, Paul would be revered as a saint, highlighting the enduring influence of his beliefs.