The Origin and Evolution of Vaudeville: A Journey Through Time
For centuries, vaudeville has captivated audiences with its blend of humor, music, and drama. But have you ever wondered about the term 'vaudeville' and its origins? This article delves into the rich history of vaudeville, tracing its roots back to the 15th century and its transformation into a beloved form of entertainment that spanned continents.
Origins of the Term Vaudeville
The term 'vaudeville' has a fascinating etymology. It is believed to have originated from chanson du Vau de Vire, a form of satirical song that emerged in the 15th century in the Vau de Vire region, Normandy, France. These songs were often performed by professional actors who used them to circumvent the dramatic monopoly held by the Comédie-Franaise. Forbidden to perform legitimate dramas, they would present their works in pantomime, interpreting the action with lyrics and choruses set to popular tunes.
The Early Days of Vaudeville
In the early 18th century, the term 'vaudeville' took on a theatrical meaning. It was used to describe a form of light musical drama that incorporated spoken dialogue with songs. This borrowed the name from the satirical songs of the Vau de Vire region, blending comedic and musical elements into a format that was both entertaining and accessible to a wide range of audiences.
Theories Behind the Term
The origin of the term 'vaudeville' remains a subject of debate among scholars. One theory suggests that the term is derived from the French expression voix de ville ("voice of the city"), reflecting the urban roots of this form of entertainment. Another theory posits that the term comes from the name of the Vire River Valley in Normandy, France, where the satirical songs were said to have originated. Some also believe that the term 'vaudeville' is a corruption of 'Vau de Vire,' meaning 'the valley of Vire.'
Early Use and Popularization
According to Connections by James Burke, the term 'vaudeville' is believed to have come from the 15th-century songs of satirist Olivier Basselin, who lived in the Vau de Vire region. These songs, known as chanson du Vau de Vire, were popular satirical ballads that used common people as characters. Over time, the term 'vaudeville' evolved to describe a theatrical form that closely resembled these satirical songs.
A book titled France in 1816 by Lady Morgan provides an interesting insight into the theatrical scene of the time. In her description, she mentions the Théatre du Vaudeville and its rich repertoire of parodies. She describes a parody of Hamlet that was both laughable and loved by the audience, as well as a ballet narrative that was parodied with great success.
Impact on American Entertainment
The term 'vaudeville' made its way to the United States, where it gained immense popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Vaudeville shows in America were known for their variety, featuring a wide array of acts including singers, comedians, acrobats, and magicians. These shows were known to be suitable for the entire family and were intended to provide entertainment for people of all ages.
However, with the advent of the motion picture industry, vaudeville began to lose its popularity. By the 1910s and 1920s, movie theaters started to replace vaudeville halls, marking the beginning of the end for this form of entertainment. Nonetheless, vaudeville left an indelible mark on American culture and paved the way for modern forms of entertainment.
Interestingly, some managers and performers preferred to call the shows 'variety' rather than 'vaudeville,' which they found too French and 'sissy.' Manager Tony Pastor was one such advocate for 'variety,' marketing it as such well into the 20th century.
Conclusion
From its humble beginnings as satirical songs in the Vau de Vire region to the grand variety shows of America, the term 'vaudeville' has a storied history. Whether it's derived from the satirical traditions of France or the French expression 'voix de ville,' the term has come to represent a rich and diverse form of theatrical entertainment that continues to fascinate and entertain people around the world.