The Racial Stereotypes in 'Putting on the Ritz' and Their Historical Context

"Putting on the Ritz" is a popular song with a fascinating history that deeply intertwines with the sociopolitical landscape of the early 20th century. Touted as a celebration of affluent living and an outdated stereotype, the song reveals a complex interplay of racial stereotypes, economic disparity, and artistic exploration during the Harlem Renaissance. This article delves into the lyrics, the time period, and the cultural significance of the song, providing a comprehensive understanding of its impact.

Historical Background of the Song

"Putting on the Ritz" was originally written by Irving Berlin in 1929 and first performed by Harry Richman in 1930. The song was later performed by Fred Astaire in 1933, achieving popularity with his performing version. The lyrics making fun of the lavish lifestyles portrayed by others fall into a pattern that echoes the stereotypes prevalent at the time. This song provides insight into the attitudes and perceptions of the working and middle classes during an era marked by significant social changes, particularly in the African American community.

Ballad of Frivolity and Racial Stereotypes

One of the most troubling lyrics in the song is: 'High hats and Arrow collars, White spats and lots of dollars, Spending every dime for a wonderful time.' This section exemplifies the racial stereotypes that were popular during the 1920s and 1930s. The song mocks these exaggerated aspects of affluent living, suggesting that such behavior is only fitting for the so-called 'whites.'

The term 'high hats' refers to top hats, which were a symbol of upper-class status, while 'Arrow collars' were detachable celluloid collars attached to dress shirts. These collars allowed easy changes for formal and casual wear. The lyrics also refer to 'white spats', which were an accessory worn for formal events or as a fashion statement.

Cultural Context of the Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance, a period of intense cultural flowering, was marked by a deep exploration of African American arts, literature, and music. During this period, the artistic community was comprised of poets, authors, and artists, including jazz and blues singers. Although the Harlem Renaissance celebrated Black cultural achievements, it also showcased the dark side of discrimination through the portrayal of stereotypes in songs and cultural expressions.

"Putting on the Ritz" was released during a period when White Americans were increasingly exploring the cultural expressions of the African American community, often in a titillating or derogatory manner. The song's lyrics reflect the discomfort and distaste some White Americans had for the perceived extravagance and frivolity in Black culture, which was alternately seen as frivolous and wasteful.

Role of Jews in Deconstructing Stereotypes

A notable element in the history of the song is that it was written and performed by Jewish individuals. Irving Berlin, a Jewish songwriter, composed the song, and Harry Richman and Fred Astaire, who performed it, were also Jewish. This perspective adds a layer of complexity to the song's portrayal of Black culture. Jewish artists were often seen as friends and sympathizers with the Black community, in stark contrast to the broader societal attitudes of the time. Their involvement in the song's creation and performance may have had an impact on the way the song was received and interpreted.

Conclusion: A Historical Allegory

"Putting on the Ritz" is more than just a agréable ballad; it serves as a historical allegory for the racial stereotypes and economic disparity prevalent in society. The song reflects the attitudes and perceptions of an era marked by significant social changes, particularly in the African American community. Through the song, we gain insight into the complexities of the artistic expressions of the Harlem Renaissance and the broader socio-political climate of the 1920s and 1930s.

While the song mocks the extravagant lifestyle it describes, it vindicates and mocks Black culture by portraying it as an object of rancor and desire for White society. The racial stereotypes present in the lyrics reflect the cultural and social anxieties of the time, and the involvement of Jewish artists in its creation and performance adds another layer of nuance to the narrative.