Why Didn't RSS Join the Indian Freedom Struggle Against the British?

The Rastra Sevak Sangh, commonly known as the RSS, is often seen as a cultural and social organization. While it does not participate in the political sphere in an overt manner, it has played a significant role through its affiliated political parties and by supporting key political figures within them. This article explores why the RSS did not directly join the Indian freedom struggle against the British and discusses the context and motivations behind this approach.

The Context of RSS in the Colonial Era

The British colonial rule in India was marked by a strategic approach to governance that involved both repression and manipulation. The British adapted their policies to create a certain image of themselves as a benevolent and progressive force.

During this period, while the RSS focused on promoting self-sufficiency, cultural pride, and defense of human values, the British were looking for ways to maintain their rule without direct confrontation. They realized that a single-minded focus on political defiance could be risky, especially in an era when they were aiming to be seen as democrats.

The Indian merchants, manufacturers, and workers faced significant discrimination and exploitation under British rule. However, the key caste and social groups that controlled the RSS were more comfortable with the status quo. Many of these groups were directly benefiting from the British colonial system, particularly the Brahmins who dominated the civil service.

Approach of RSS During the Freedom Struggle

The RSS adopted a strategic approach during the freedom struggle, operating largely as a behind-the-scenes player. It played a crucial role in nurturing a strong grassroots network of volunteers who were often associated with the freedom movement. Although the RSS did not engage directly in armed conflicts, its influence was significant in shaping the broader ideological framework of the Indian nationalist movement.

The RSS's strengths lay in its ability to mobilize volunteers, provide them with essential skills, and prepare them for the challenges of nation-building post-independence. For instance, leaders such as Narendra Modi, Atal Bihari Vashishth, and others who rose to prominence in the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) with RSS backing, played pivotal roles in the political landscape of independent India.

Strategic Role of RSS in the Freedom Movement

It's important to understand that the RSS's approach was not one of outright opposition to British rule but rather a quieter, more strategic form of resistance. The RSS aimed to build a strong, self-sufficient nation by training its members to be economically independent, efficient, and disciplined. This was an essential part of the broader goal of making India capable of managing its own affairs.

One of the key founders of the RSS, Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, believed that a nation's strength lay in its people. He saw the RSS as a way to create a society of selfless, patriotic members who would work towards national development. The organization's goals were closely aligned with those of the Indian National Congress, even though they often had differing views on political strategies.

Beyond Armed Resistance

Beyond armed resistance, the RSS contributed significantly to the freedom movement through its cultural and social initiatives. For instance, it promoted a sense of cultural pride and national identity, which was crucial in uniting the diverse and fragmented populace of India.

Moreover, the RSS played a passive yet powerful role in the movement by ensuring that its members were well-equipped to take on leadership roles in political parties and in society at large. This was particularly evident in the formation and support of the BJP, where leaders trained by the RSS have played a critical role in shaping the political landscape.

Conclusion

The RSS's role in the Indian freedom struggle was multifaceted and strategic. While it did not engage in overt political agitation or armed conflict, its behind-the-scenes influence was significant. The organization's focus on cultural, social, and economic development contributed to a stronger, more prepared nation, both in terms of infrastructure and ideology.

Understanding the motivations and approach of the RSS during the British rule period is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the Indian freedom movement. By focusing on the grassroots and long-term goals of nation-building, the RSS complemented the more direct approaches of other political movements and significantly shaped the post-independence India.

Key Takeaway: The RSS's strategic approach during the Indian freedom struggle involved building a strong, self-sufficient nation without overtly opposing British rule. This laid the foundation for a strong political and cultural framework in independent India.